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Antitrust

Antitrust

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The EU Digital Markets Act: Ex-Ante Rules for Big Tech Gatekeepers

The {{Digital Markets Act}} (DMA) is a 2022 EU regulation that imposes up-front conduct rules on large \"gatekeeper\" digital platforms. It bans practices like self-preferencing and forced data combination, mandates interoperability and data portability, and carries fines up to 10 or 20 percent of global turnover.

Tying and Exclusive Dealing: Anticompetitive Restraints in Antitrust Law

{{Tying}} conditions the sale of one product on buying a second, while {{exclusive dealing}} restricts a buyer or supplier to a single trading partner. Both can foreclose competitors when imposed by a dominant firm, and are scrutinized under the US Sherman and Clayton Acts and EU competition law.

The Antitrust Case Against Kindle Unlimited Exclusivity

{{KDP Select}} exclusivity resembles classic anticompetitive practices, conditioning the best royalty terms on not dealing with rival ebook stores. While Amazon faces active antitrust pressure ({{FTC v. Amazon}}, the EU's earlier ebook MFN settlement, and the {{Digital Markets Act}}), books are a low political priority, and exclusivity alone would not dissolve Amazon's distribution dominance because most readers already shop on Kindle.

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