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Strict Equality (JavaScript)

JavaScript's === operator, introduced in {{ECMAScript}} 3 (1999) as an opt-in alternative to the coercive == operator, compares operands without performing type conversion.

Strict equality (===) is the JavaScript comparison operator that returns true only when its two operands have the same type and the same value, without performing any type coercion. It was added in ECMAScript Edition 3 in 1999 as an opt-in alternative to the original Abstract Equality Comparison operator (==), which converts strings to numbers, booleans to numbers, and objects to primitives before comparing and produces well-known surprises such as 0 == "" being true and [] == ![] also being true. TC39 chose to add a new operator rather than alter the behavior of == because changing the old operator would have broken pages already deployed on the open web. Strict equality has near-identical semantics to the stricter Object.is, differing only on NaN (Object.is(NaN, NaN) is true, NaN === NaN is false) and on the two zeros (Object.is(+0, -0) is false, +0 === -0 is true). Modern style guides such as Airbnb's and tools such as ESLint's eqeqeq rule recommend using === almost universally.

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June 05, 2026

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