International Energy Agency (IEA)
Paris-based intergovernmental organisation founded in 1974 after the oil crisis, originally to coordinate emergency oil stocks. The IEA publishes the World Energy Outlook and other reference reports on global energy supply, demand, and policy, and is widely cited for its data on electricity, renewables, and AI-driven data-center demand.
The International Energy Agency (IEA) is an intergovernmental organisation based in Paris, founded in November 1974 by member countries of the OECD in response to the 1973 oil crisis. It was originally tasked with coordinating emergency oil-stock releases but has since broadened to cover all energy carriers and to publish authoritative global data on production, demand, prices, and efficiency. Membership is limited to OECD countries that meet specific obligations around emergency oil reserves and information sharing; as of the mid-2020s the IEA has 32 member states and 13 association countries, together accounting for roughly three-quarters of global energy demand. The agency's annual World Energy Outlook is one of the most widely cited reference documents in energy policy, alongside dedicated reports on electricity, gas, renewables, and critical minerals. Its January 2024 "Electricity 2024" report drew international attention by projecting that global data-center, AI, and cryptocurrency electricity consumption could roughly double between 2022 and 2026, citing per-query energy estimates of about 0.3 Wh for a conventional search and 2.9 Wh for a ChatGPT request. Critics note that the IEA has historically underestimated solar power growth while sometimes overestimating fossil demand, so its forecasts are treated as one important input among several.